1. 哪些情况下可以提起对知识产权侵权的行政投诉？提起行政投诉的主体有哪些？
以下行为可以提起对知识产权侵权的行政投诉：
（1）专利可投诉侵权行为：
A. 任何单位或者个人未经发明和实用新型专利权人许可，实施其专利，即为生产经营目的制造、使用、许诺销售、销售、进口其专利产品，或者使用其专利方法以及使用、许诺销售、销售、进口依照该专利方法直接获得的产品。
B. 任何单位或者个人未经外观设计专利权人许可，实施其专利，为生产经营目的制造、许诺销售、销售、进口其外观设计专利产品。
C. 假冒专利行为。
（2）商标可投诉侵权行为：
A. 未经商标注册人的许可，在同一种商品上使用与其注册商标相同的商标的；
B. 未经商标注册人的许可，在同一种商品上使用与其注册商标近似的商标，或者在类似商品上使用与其注册商标相同或者近似的商标，容易导致混淆的；
C. 销售侵犯注册商标专用权的商品的；
D. 伪造、擅自制造他人注册商标标识或者销售伪造、擅自制造的注册商标标识的；
E. 未经商标注册人同意，更换其注册商标并将该更换商标的商品又投入市场的；
F. 故意为侵犯他人商标专用权行为提供便利条件，帮助他人实施侵犯商标专用权行为的；
G. 给他人的注册商标专用权造成其他损害的。
（3）著作权可投诉侵权行为：
A. 未经著作权人许可，复制、发行、表演、放映、广播、汇编、通过信息网络向公众传播其作品的，著作权法另有规定的除外；
B. 出版他人享有专有出版权的图书的；
C. 未经表演者许可，复制、发行录有其表演的录音录像制品，或者通过信息网络向公众传播其表演的，著作权法另有规定的除外；
D. 未经录音录像制作者许可，复制、发行、通过信息网络向公众传播其制作的录音录像制品的，著作权法另有规定的除外；
E. 未经许可，播放或者复制广播、电视的，著作权法另有规定的除外；
F. 未经著作权人或者与著作权有关的权利人许可，故意避开或者破坏权利人为其作品、录音录像制品等采取的保护著作权或者与著作权有关的权利的技术措施的，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外；
G. 未经著作权人或者与著作权有关的权利人许可，故意删除或者改变作品、录音录像制品等的权利管理电子信息的，法律、行政法规另有规定的除外；
H. 制作、出售假冒他人署名的作品的。
提起行政投诉的主体包括：
（1） 专利权人或者利害关系人；
（2） 商标注册人或者利害关系人；
（3） 著作权人或者利害关系人。
2. 权利人在提起行政投诉后，是否还可以就知识产权侵权向法院提起民事侵权诉讼？
知识产权行政保护具有非终局性，对于经过行政保护认定的侵权或不侵权的结果，如果当事人不认可又不提起行政诉讼，可以向法院提起民事侵权诉讼。法院对行政保护程序中所认定的结果并不当然认可，而是需要重新对案件事实进行全面审查。如果提起民事侵权诉讼时，行政投诉还没有裁决，行政投诉案件会终止审理。
3. 当接到行政投诉后，行政主管部门的一般处理流程？
行政投诉申请符合行政投诉规定条件的，行政主管部门应当在收到请求书之后立案并通知请求人，同时指定执法人员处理该行政投诉；行政投诉请求不符合行政投诉规定条件的，行政主管部门应当在收到投诉请求后通知请求人不予受理，并说明理由。
行政主管部门应当在立案后将请求书及其附件的副本送达被请求人，要求其在收到之日起指定日期内提交答辩书并按照请求人的数量提供答辩书副本。被请求人逾期不提交答辩书的，不影响行政主管部门进行处理。
行政主管部门处理行政投诉案件时，可以根据当事人的意愿进行调解。双方当事人达成一致的，由行政主管部门制作调解协议书，加盖其公章，并由双方当事人签名或者盖章。调解不成的，应当及时作出处理决定。
4. 如果行政主管部门认定投诉成立，行政主管部门可以对侵权人采取哪些措施？
认定侵权行为成立的，责令立即停止侵权行为，根据法律法规规定对侵权人可以采取没收、销毁侵权商品和主要用于制造侵权商品工具，处以一定金额罚款，没有违法所得等。
5. 行政投诉阶段，知识产权权利人可以要求侵权人赔偿吗？
（1）专利方面，在行政投诉阶段，认定侵权行为成立之后，权利人可以单独请求调解侵犯专利权赔偿数额。依据《专利法》第六十条、《专利行政执法办法》第二十二条，对赔偿数额进行处理的管理专利工作的部门应当事人的请求，可以就侵犯专利权的赔偿数额进行调解。
如果调解不成的，当事人为获得赔偿，需要向人民法院起诉。
（2）著作权方面，可以请求版权行政机关（如版权局、文化执法总队）进行行政调解，也可以向人民法院起诉。
（3）商标方面，《商标法》第六十条规定对侵犯商标专用权的赔偿数额的争议，当事人可以请求进行处理的工商行政管理部门调解，也可以向人民法院起诉。
6. 如果知识产权权利人对行政投诉结果不服，可以采取哪些救济途径？
（1）专利：当事人对处理结果不服时，可以自收到处理通知之日起十五日内起诉至法院。依据《专利法》第六十条，管理专利工作的部门处理时，认定侵权行为成立的，可以责令侵权人立即停止侵权行为，当事人不服的，可以向人民法院起诉。
行政行为通常还有行政复议的救济措施，但需注意，依据《专利行政保护复议与应诉指引》，以下情形可以向人民法院提起民事诉讼，但不能申请行政复议：
当事人对管理专利工作的部门作出的侵权纠纷处理决定不服的；
当事人对管理专利工作的部门作出的调解不服的；
由各知识产权保护中心、知识产权快速维权中心等单位协助办理的电商、展会领域专利案件，以调解形式结案的。
（2）著作权：《著作权行政投诉指南》第七条规定投诉人如果对著作权行政管理部门的处理决定不服，可以依法申请行政复议或者提起行政诉讼。
（3）商标：《商标法》第六十条，经工商行政管理部门调解，当事人未达成协议或者调解书生效后不履行的，当事人可以向人民法院起诉。
7. 什么是知识产权海关保护？
知识产权海关保护，是指海关根据国家法律法规的规定，对与进出口货物有关并受中华人民共和国法律、行政法规保护的商标专用权、著作权和与著作权有关的权利、专利权、世界博览会标志、奥林匹克标志实施的保护。需要特别注意的是，集成电路布图设计、商业秘密、商号名称、植物新品种、地理标志等不在海关保护范围之内。
知识产权海关保护又分为，依职权主动查缉的主动保护，以及依权利人申请采取保护措施的被动保护。其中主动保护是最常见的保护措施：当权利人备案后，海关发现侵权嫌疑货物将主动通知权利人，如权利人认为该货物侵犯其在海关总署备案的知识产权，申请扣留并提供担保的，海关则扣留货物，同时让权利人以及收发货人提交证据材料并展开调查，根据调查结果做出相应的措施。由此可见，海关采取主动保护并扣留涉嫌侵权货物必须具备两个前提：1、涉嫌被侵权的知识产权已在海关进行了备案；2、权利人向海关提出保护申请和担保。而权利人在海关备案，是保护自身知识产权非常重要的环节。
当然，未经许可，擅自使用他人未在海关总署备案的受中国法律和行政法规保护的知识产权, 仍然属于侵权行为，应当承担法律责任。
1. Under which circumstances may an administrative complaint be lodged againstthe infringement of intellectual property rights? What are the subjects tolodge an administrative complaint?
In the event of the followingacts, an administrative complaint may be lodged against the infringement ofintellectual property rights.
(1)A complaint may be lodgedagainst the infringement of the patent in any of the following acts.
A. Any entity or individual, without the authorization of the patentee of aninvention or utility model, exploits the patent, that is, makes, uses, offersto sell, sells and imports the patented product; or uses the patented processor uses, offers to sell, sells or imports the product directly obtained by thepatented process, for production or business purposes.
B. Any entity or individual, without the authorization of the patentee of adesign, exploits the design, that is, makes, sells or imports the product incorporatingits or his patented design, for production or business purposes.
C. An act of counterfeiting a patent.
(2)A complaint may be lodgedagainst the infringement of the trademark in any of the following acts.
A. Use of a trademark identical to a registered trademark on the same type ofcommodities without licensing by the trademark registrant;
B. Use of a trademark similar to a registered trademark on the same type ofcommodities without licensing by the trademark registrant, or use of atrademark identical or similar to the registered trademark on similarcommodities which easily causes confusion;
C. Sale of commodities which infringe upon exclusive rights to use registeredtrademarks;
D. Forgery or unauthorized manufacturing of labels of other’s registeredtrademark or sale of forged or unauthorized labels of other’s registeredtrademark;
E. Change of a registered trademark without the consent of the trademarkregistrant, and sale of commodities bearing the changed trademark in themarket;
F. Intentionally facilitating infringement of other’s exclusive rights to usetrademarks, assisting others in implementation of infringement of exclusiverights to use trademarks; or
G. Causing harm to other’s exclusive rights to use registered trademarks.
(3)A complaint may be lodgedagainst the infringement of the copyright in any of the following acts.
A. Without the license of the copyright owner, to reproduce, distribute,perform, show, broadcast, compile, or disseminate to the public throughinformation networks his work, unless the Copyright Law provided otherwise;
B. To publish a book in which the exclusive right of publication shall vestin another;
C. With the license of the performer, to reproduce or tribute a sound orvisual recording product on which his performance was fixed or to disseminatehis performance to the public through information networks, unless theCopyright Law provided otherwise;
D. With the license of the producer, to reproduce, distribute or disseminatea sound or visual recording product to the public through information networks,unless the Copyright Law provided otherwise;
E. Without the license, to broadcast or reproduce a radio television program,unless the Copyright Law provided otherwise;
F. Without the license of the copyright owner or copyright-related owner,internationally to escape or infringe the technical measures adopted by theright owner for protecting the copyright or copyright-related rights in hiswork or sound or visual recording product, unless laws and administrativeregulations provided otherwise;
G. Without the license of the copyright owner or copyright-related rightowner, internationally cancel or alter electric data for management of his workor sound or visual recording product, unless laws and administrativeregulations provided otherwise; or
H. To produce or sell a work on which the author’s name is forged.
The subjects to file anadministrative complaint include,
（1） Patentee or interested parties;
（2） Trademark registrants or stakeholders;
(3) Copyright owners or interested parties
知识产权行政诉讼Administrative litigation against theintellectual property rights
n 商标 Trademarks
l 投诉行为 Anact for complaint
1) 未经商标注册人的许可，在同一种商品上使用与其注册商标近似的商标，或者在类似商品上使用与其注册商标相同或者近似的商标，容易导致混淆的 Useof a trademark similar to a registered trademark on the same type ofcommodities without licensing by the trademark registrant, or use of atrademark identical or similar to the registered trademark on similarcommodities which easily causes confusion;
2) 未经商标注册人的许可，在同一种商品上使用与其注册商标相同的商标的 Useof a trademark identical to a registered trademark on the same type ofcommodities without licensing by the trademark registrant;
3) 销售侵犯注册商标使用权的商品的 Saleof commodities which infringe upon exclusive rights to use registeredtrademarks;
4) 伪造、擅自制造他人注册商标标识或者销售伪造、擅自制造的注册商标标识的 forgeryor unauthorized manufacturing of labels of other’s registered trademark or saleof forged or unauthorized labels of other’s registered trademark;
5) 未经商标注册人同意，更换其注册商标并将该更换商标的商品又投入市场的 changeof a registered trademark without the consent of the trademark registrant, andsale of commodities bearing the changed trademark in the market;
6) 故意为侵犯他人商标专用权行为提供便利条件，帮助他人实施侵犯商标专用权行为的 intentionallyfacilitating infringement of other’s exclusive rights to use trademarks,assisting others in implementation of infringement of exclusive rights to usetrademarks; or
7) 给他人的注册商标专用权制造其他损害的 Causingharm to other’s exclusive rights to use registered trademarks.
l 投诉主体 Subjectsof the complaint
1) 商标注册人 Trademarkregistrant
2) 注册商标的利害关系人，即独占使用许可合同的被许可人和排他使用许可合同的被许可人 Stakeholdersof the registered trademark, that is, who is the licensee solely to use thelicense contract and who is the licensee of the exclusive right to use thelicense contract
n 专利 Patents
l 投诉行为 Anact for complaint
1) 制造发明、实用新型、外观设计专利产品的行为 Anact of making the patented product of invention, utility model or design;
2) 使用发明、实用新型专利产品的行为 Anact of using the patented product of invention or utility model;
3) 许诺销售发明、实用新型专利产品的行为 Anact of offering to sell the patented product of invention or utility model;
4) 销售发明、实用新型或外观设计专利产品的行为 Anact of selling the patented product of invention, utility model or design;
5) 进口发明、实用新型、外观设计专利产品的行为 Anact of importing the patented product of invention, utility model or design;
6) 使用专利方法以及使用、许诺销售、销售、进口依靠该专利方法直接获得的产品的行为 Anact of using the patented process or using, offering to sell, selling orimporting the product directly obtained by the patented process;
7) 假冒他人专利的行为 Anact of counterfeiting a patent.
l 投诉主体 Subjectsof the complaint
1) 专利权人 Patentee
2) 利害关系人：包括专利实施许可合同的被许可人、专利权人的合法继承人 Interestedparties: including the licensee of the patent license contract and the lawfulsuccessor of the patentee
n 著作权 Copyright
l 投诉行为 Anact for complaint
1)《中华人民共和国著作权法》第四十七条
Article 47 of theCopyright Law of the People’s Republic of China
a) 未经著作权人许可，发表其作品的 Withoutthe license of the copyright owner, to publish his work;
b) 未经合作作者许可，将与他人合作创作的作品当作自己单独创作的作品发表的 Withoutthe license of the joint authors, to publish their collective work as a workcreated solely by oneself;
c) 没有参加创作，为谋取个人名利，在他人作品上署名的When aperson has not participated in the creation, to indicate his name on a work ofanother for seeking personal fame and interests;
d) 歪曲、篡改他人作品的 To distortor mutilate a work of another;
e) 剽窃他人作品的 Toplagiarize a work of another;
f) 未经著作权人许可，以展览、摄制电影和以类似摄制电影的方法使用作品，或者以改编、翻译、注释等方式使用其作品的，本法另有规定的除外Without thelicense of the copyright owner, to use his work by exhibition, film productionor analogous method of film production or by adaption, translation orannotation, unless this Law provided otherwise;
g) 使用他人作品，应当支付报酬而未支付的With duecompensation, to use a work of another;
h) 未经电影作品和以类似摄制电影的方法创作的作品、计算机软件、录音录像制品的著作权人或者与著作权有关的权利人许可，出租其作品或者录音录像制品的，本有另有规定的除外Without thelicense of the copyright owner of a cinematographic work, a work created byvirtue of the analogous method of film production, computer software, sound orvisual recording product or the copyright-related owner, to lend a work orsound or visual recording product, unless this Law provided otherwise;
i) 未经出版者许可，使用其出版的图书、期刊的版式设计的Without thelicense of the publisher, to use the typographical arrangement of a book ormagazine he published;
j) 未经表演者许可，从现场直播或者公开传送其现场表演、或者录制其表演的Without thelicense of the performer, to broadcast on the site, to transmit in public, orto record, his performance; or
k) 其他侵犯著作权以及与著作权有关的权益的行为Other actsof infringement of copyright and copyright-related rights.
2)《计算机软件保护条例》第二十四条 Article24 of Regulation for Computer Software Protection
a) 复制或者部分复制著作权人的软件的 Toreproduce, wholly or partly, the software of the copyright owner;
b) 向公众发行、出租、通过信息网络传播著作权人的软件的 Todistribute, rent or disseminate through information networks the software ofthe copyright owner to the public;
c) 故意避开或者破坏著作权人为保护其软件著作权而采取的技术措施的 Intentionallyto escape from or disrupt the technical measures adopted by the copyright ownerfor protecting his software copyright;
d) 故意删除或者改变软件权利管理电子信息的 Intentionallyto delete or alter electric data for software right management; or
e) 转让或者许可他人行使著作权人的软件著作权的 Totransfer or license another person to exercise the software copyright of thecopyright owner.
3)同时损害公共利益：权利人即使不知道侵权行为是否损害公共利益，也可以向著作权的管理部门投诉，由著作权管理部门进行审查判断 Ifthe act causes a damage to the public, even the right holder does not knowwhether the act of infringement causes a damage to the public or not, it maylodge a compliant to the administrative department for copyright which willconduct investigation and make a judgement.
l 投诉主体 Subjectsof the complaint
1) 享有著作权或者著作权有关的权利的中国公民、法人或者其他组织外国人、无国籍人 Chinesecitizens, legal persons or foreigners of other organizations and statelesspersons who enjoy the copyright or copyright-related rights
2) 依法享有专利使用权的使用者 The userwho enjoys the right to the use of patent according to the law
3) 利害关系人 Stakeholders
2. After the right holder lodges an administrative complaint, can he file acivil infringement lawsuit to the people’s court in the name of infringement ofthe intellectual property rights?
The administrative protectionover the intellectual property rights is not final. As to the result ofinfringement or not infringement as asserted through administrative protection,if the party concerned is dissatisfied with the result but does not file anadministrative lawsuit, it may file a civil infringement lawsuit to the court.The court will not definitely accept the result asserted during theadministrative protection procedure, but will need to carry out overall investigationover the facts of the case. If there is no adjudication for the administrativecomplaint yet when a civil infringement lawsuit is filed, the case ofadministrative complaints will terminate the hearing.
3. After receipt of the administrative complaint, what is the general handling process of the competent administrative department?
Where the application for anadministrative complaint meets the conditions for an administrative complaint,the competent administrative department shall, upon receipt of the applicationletter, file a case and notify the claimant, and appoint the law enforcementofficer to handle such administrative complaint. If the administrativecomplaint application does not conform to the conditions for an administrativecomplaint, the competent administrative department shall, upon receipt of theapplication, notify the claimant of no acceptance, and explain the reason.
The competent administrativedepartment shall, after filing a case, deliver thecounterparts of the application letter and its attachments to the requestedperson, requiring such person to submit the statement of defence within thedesignated period upon the date of receipt of the said application letter andits attachments, and provide the counterparts of the statement of defence asper the quantity required by the claimant. The delayof the request person in submitting the statement of defence, if any, will notaffect the handlings by the competent administrative department.
When handling the case of theadministrative complaint, the competent administrative department may carry outmediation at the will of the party concerned. Where the parties concerned reachconsensus, the competent administrative department may make the agreement formediation, with its official seal stamped thereon, which shall be signed orstamped by the parties concerned. If the mediation fails, a decision onhandling shall be made timely.
| If the mediation fails, a decision on handling shall be made timely; |
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| 1. Notify the claimant and appoint the law enforcement officer to handle the administrative complaint; 2. Deliver the counterparts of the application letter and its attachments to the requested person, requiring such person to submit the statement of defence within the designated period upon the date of receipt of the said application letter and its attachments, and provide the counterparts of the statement of defence as per the quantity required by the claimant. 3. The delay of the request person in submitting the statement of defence, if any, will not affect the handlings by the competent administrative department. |
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| Make a decision on handling timely |
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| The competent administrative department to make the agreement for mediation and stamp its official seal, which shall be signed and stamped by the parties concerned |
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| Mediation |
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| Not to file a case, notify the claimant of no acceptance and explain the reason |
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| File a case |
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| Not Meeting conditions |
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| Meeting conditions |
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| Review the complaint materials |
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| Handling Process for the Administrative Complaint of the Intellectual Property Rights |
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4. If the competent administrative department asserts a complaint, whatmeasures can it take towards the infringer?
In the event of an assertedcomplaint, the administrative department may order the infringer to cease suchact of infringement immediately and confiscate and destroy the infringedcommodities and the tools mainly used for making the infringed commodities,impose on the infringer certain amount of fine and confiscate the unlawful gainin accordance with laws and regulations.
5. In the stage of the administrative complaint, can the right holder ofintellectual property rights request compensation from the infringer?
(1)In terms of the patent, inthe stage of the administrative complaint, after an act of infringement isasserted, the right holder may require for the amount of compensation forinfringement of the patent right. According to Article 60 of the Patent Law,Article 22 of the Measures for Administrative Enforcement of Patent, theadministration department for patent-related work that handles the call shall,upon request of the parties, carry out mediation concerning the amount ofcompensation for the patent right infringement.
If mediation fails, theparties may take legal action before the people’s court for the purpose ofgetting the compensation.
(2)As to the copyright, theparties concerned may apply to the administrative organ for copyright (such asthe copyright office, cultural law enforcement unit) for administrativemediation or file a lawsuit to the people’s court.
(3)With respects to thetrademark, Article 60 of the Trademark Law stipulates that, in the event of adispute arising from any of the acts of infringement of exclusive rights to useregistered trademarks, the parties concerned may request that theadministration for industry and commerce handles the dispute or file a lawsuitwith a people’s court.
6. If the right holder of intellectual property rights is dissatisfied withthe result of the administrative complaint, what remedy measures can it take?
(1)Patent: If the infringer isdissatisfied with the order, he may, within fifteen (15) days from the date ofreceipt of the notification of the order, take legal action before a people’scourt. According to Article 60 of the Patent Law, if, when handling thedispute, the administration department for patent-related work believes theinfringement is established, it may order the infringer to cease theinfringement immediately; if the infringer is dissatisfied with the order, hemay take legal action before a people’s court.
An administrative act usuallyincludes the remedy measure of administrative review. However, points worthnoting are that, according to the Guidelines to Administrative ProtectionReview and Complaint Response to the Patent, a civil lawsuit may be raised tothe people’s court but an administrative review cannot be applied for in thefollowing cases.
The party concerned isdissatisfied with the result of the infringement disputes handled by thedepartment for patent-related work;
The party concerned isdissatisfied with the mediation made by the department for patent-related work;
The cases of patent in theareas such as e-commerce and exhibition assisted by the intellectual propertyprotection centers and rapid rights protection center for intellectual propertyrights are closed in the manner of mediation.
(2)Copyright: Article 7 of theGuidelines to Administrative Complaints of Copyrights stipulates that, if theevent of any objection to the decision on settlement of the administrativedepartment for copyright, the complainant may apply for an administrativereview or lodge an administrative lawsuit pursuant to the law.
(3)Trademark: According toArticle 60 of the Trademark Law, where the parties concerned are unable toconclude an agreement or the mediation letter which has taken effect is notperformed, the parties concerned may file a lawsuit with a people’s court.
7. What is the customs protection of intellectual property rights?
The “customs protection ofintellectual property rights” refers to the implementation of protection bycustoms of the exclusive rights to use a trademark, copyrights and the rightsrelated thereto, and patent rights, world exposition symbols and Olympicsymbols that are related to import and export goods and that are protected byPRC laws and administrative regulations, pursuant to national laws andregulations. Special attention should be paid to the layout design of integratecircuit, business secrets, firm name. new varieties of plants and geographicalindications, which do not fall into the scope of the customs protection.
The customs protection ofintellectual property rights is divided into the active protection ofinitiative investigation and seizure ex officio and the passive protection oftaking protection measures according to application of the right owner, inwhich active protection is the most common protection measure. After the rightowner files a record, in the event of any finding of the goods suspected ofinfringing upon rights, the customs will initiatively notify the right owner;if the right owner believes such goods infringe the intellectual right itrecords at the general administration of customs, it applies for impoundmentand offers for security, the customs will impound the goods and require theright owner and consignee and consigner to submit materials of evidence andcarry out investigation, with measures to be taken according to the results ofinvestigation. Thus it can be seen that, the customs may take active protectionand impound the goods suspected of infringing upon rights, provided that twopremises must be met: 1. The intellectual property right suspected of beinginfringed upon has already filed a record at the customs; and 2. The rightowner applies for protection and offers for security to the customs. Recordingfiling of intellectual property rights by the right owner at the customs is avery important link to protect its own intellectual property rights.
Of course, anyunauthorized and arbitrary use of the intellectual property right that has notbeen filed at the general administration of customs but subject to protectionof laws and administrative regulations of China is still an act ofinfringement, with legal responsibilities to be assumed.
